Glossary+Ch.+4

Glossary of Key Terms

Punjab problems-Problems that arose when the Sikh population in Punjab revolted against the idea of being partitioned off as a separate Muslim state.

Indian Independence Act of 1947-Britain gave India its independence on August 15, 1947.

Pakistan-Muslim state created on August 14, 1947 after the partition of India, consisting of East and West Pakistan. It separated into Pakistan and Bangladesh in 1971.

Bangladesh-Originally East Pakistan, it gained its independence in 1971 with the help of Indira Ghandi and India.

India-Subcontinent with a majority of Hindus in the population. Its congress was formed in 1885, and it went through a partition and gained its independence in 1947. It was mostly under British rule in the 19th and early 20th century, and was under Muslim rule before that.

Jammu and kashmir-region to the northeast of India, and the subject of multiple wars between Pakistan and India after the partition.

Indo-Pakistini War of 1947-first war fought between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, also called the First Kashmir war. The result was the Princely states were dissolved and India gained most of the land.

Direct Action Day-Day when Muslims and Hindus engaged in scattered fighting across India, and there were lots of riots. It occurred after Nehru went back on his offer to separate India into sections ruled separately by Hindus and Muslims, and Muslims, under Mohammed Jinnah, took direct action.

Lord Mountbatten-Last viceroy of India, determined the boundaries of the countries after the partition.

Princely States-Region ruled by the Sikhs before being controlled by the British. After colonial rule ended, India and Pakistan fought a war over control of the region.

Population exchanged-migration of Hindus and Muslims after the partition of India.

Radcliffe Line-name of the boundary between Pakistan and India